This typically means that the pattern can be placed in either direction as long as the grain line is consistent. In this instance you would want to choose the uppermost direction arrow on each pattern piece, and block out the lower ones, to maintain consistency.
You can learn more about the different types of fabrics and their uses here. Sewing patterns are designed with a certain height in mind. If you are taller or shorter than the intended height, you will need to use the lengthen and shorten lines on a sewing pattern to make changes. It is best to use the lines marked in by the pattern designer rather than mark in your own lines. This is because changing a pattern can sometimes affect both the length and width of the final garment.
Darts are usually marked on patterns with dashed lines known as the the dart legs which connect at the dart point. Darts are used to suppress fabric so are usually found on the front bodice to shape the fabric near the waist and bust, on the back bodice to shape the fabric over the shoulders and on the skirt front and back to shape the fabric from the waist to the hips.
When fabric is to be gathered, it can be shown on a pattern as either a straight line or a wavy line between two points. To gather the fabric, I use the longest stitch available to me on my sewing machine, and sew between the two points. Back stitch when starting, but leave the other end open, so that the threads can be pulled through and gathered.
Tucks are formed by bringing two points together and sewing a line parallel to the fold line created. On a pattern this can look like the image below. Pleats look different to tucks on sewing patterns as they are directional and not sewn all the way down. On a sewing pattern there will be an arrow showing the direction of the pleat and a dotted line to show where the folded edge of the pleat should line up.
If fabric needs to be clipped to help it lay flat, the pattern piece may show the above symbol where the clipping is to occur. Pockets need to be placed correctly when sewing and this is usually shown by circle drill holes on pattern pieces.
These circles will usually correspond rather accurately with similar symbols on the pocket pattern. Pockets are a great way to add unique elements when sewing your own clothes. You can learn more about pocket types here and the different uses of pockets here! Buttons and their button holes are marked carefully on pattern pieces to ensure an accurate placement.
Not always shown on front bodice pattern pieces, but the bust point it where the apex of the bust would sit. Darts are designed to end before the bust point so that there is no sharp point at the bust point on clothing. The sizes you see from different sewing pattern companies will differ, just like the size difference you see at clothing stores.
Pattern sizings are based upon your body measurements. Depending on the type of garment the sewing pattern is for, you could have three measurements or more to consider. Finding your size on the chart provided with the sewing pattern will help you know how much fabric will be needed to create the garment, and whether you need to grade between sizes for a better fit.
If the garment is a close fitting garment, there will be very little difference between the waist measurement on the size chart and the waist measurement on the finished garment chart. If the garment is outwear, there will be a bigger difference to allow for layers to be worn underneath. This article about pattern ease is a good read to clarify the difference between wearing ease and design ease! It is at your discretion to go up or down a size based on the difference between your measurements and the finished garment measurements.
You will often be provided with a lay-plan by the sewing pattern company — tucked away in a sewing booklet — which is designed to help you get the most from your fabric.
In this case, you may need to buy more fabric that the sewing pattern suggests. Layplans do not always make the most use of the fabric. As someone who is very much against unnecessary fabric waste, I personally prefer to play around with the pattern pieces on the fabric to see if I can get a less wasteful layout. If being more sustainable with your sewing is important to you, you may find this article about sustainable sewing interesting, and this one about zerowaste fashion.
The sewing instructions themselves — provided as a step by step guide — is often the easiest part of knowing how to read sewing patterns. Note that some pattern companies include the measurement guides and lay plan in the sewing instruction booklet or file while others print them on the physical pattern packets and envelopes.
This makes reading sewing instructions easier, though the level of detail varies amongst companies. Closet Case Files patterns have great in depth sewing instructions whilst Style Arc sewing patterns are very basic.
For sewing beginners, I have this overview of how to sew clothes. Your sewing pattern will contain one or more line drawings, which aim to provide a simplified idea of what the garment looks like when sewn. The layout file format documentation is available on the MAMEdev documentation web site. Systems that only have simple arrangements of screens generally use automatically-generated layouts.
Systems that need more complex screen arrangements or additional interactive elements use internal layout files. All external artwork utilizes layout files to tell MAME where to put all of the different artwork pieces and screens if applicable. For all internally rendered components, you must define the ARGB alpha, red, green, blue color of the element, using channel values from zero to one. So for example, where the 8-bit-per-channel RGB value of orange is , , 0 , this would be represented in the layout file as 1.
An element is drawn as a single textured rectangular surface in the final scene graph. The components are drawn into the element texture using alpha blending.
Each item in a view must include:. Each object within a view must either be a screen , or can be an element defined at the beginning of the layout file as shown above, instantiated with an element element.
If you think back to geometry in school, think about when you did graphing. The x-axis is horizontal, the width, left to right; the y-axis is vertical, the height, top to bottom.
Where x and y cross is 0, 0. As you go to the right, numbers get bigger like geometry ; as you go down, numbers get bigger the opposite of geometry. Either way works; it's just a matter of personal preference. I use the first way, as I already know the size of each element I'm using. In addition, it's easier to make adjustments to move things around; you just change "x and y," leaving the width and height the same.
Let me explain that now. Most arcade games through the 20th century and into the early 21st century ran on a standard arcade monitor, with a ratio, just like old CRT monitors.
Vertical games simply rotated the monitor 90 degrees. A visit to any site or page from our web site via these links is done entirely at your own risk. Legal notice: You may not, under any circumstances, resell or reproduce any information for commercial use without the express prior written consent of File-Extensions.
Scripts to automatically harvest results are strictly prohibited due to performance reasons and will result in your IP being banned from this website. Enter any file extension without dot e. What is lay file? How to open lay files? The lay file contains layouts created and saved in the program.
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